Functionalism in Education

Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.

Major Functionalist Thinkers

• William James
• John Dewey
• Harvey Carr
• John Angell

Criticisms of Functionalism

• "It is literature. It is beautiful, but it is not psychology," said Wilhelm Wundt of functionalist William James’ The Principles of Psychology (Fancher, R.E., 1996).

Strengths of Functionalism

• Influenced behaviorism and applied psychology.
• Influenced the educational system, especially with regards to John Dewey’s belief that children should learn at the level for which they are developmentally prepared.